The Aging Face: Global Approach With Fillers and Neuromodulators

The goal of treating the aging face is to restore facial balance and modify shadows. For example, the infraorbital fat pad tends to protrude as people age. Part of the cosmetic problem caused by this change is the shadow that the pad creates; filling below the protruding pad can reduce this shadow and create a more youthful appearance. The facial evaluation, therefore, should focus on areas of volume loss and opportunities to use neuromodulators (eg, botulinum toxin A) and the use of fillers.

Neuromodulators and the Aging Face

Injections of neuromodulators relax specific muscle groups and can reduce wrinkles and improve cosmesis. There are several common facial targets for neuromodulators. The forehead is a complex region with corrugator muscles that adjust brow height and volume. The pattern of movement of these muscles varies by individual, and several patterns have been described (Figure 1).

The most common is the V pattern, which can be addressed with neuromodulator injections in the procerus medial corrugators and lateral corrugators. The inverted omega pattern involves medial contraction of the corrugators and often includes the nasalis muscles. Neuromodulator injections should be focused centrally. The omega pattern involves the frontalis and procerus muscles, and injections focus on the central areas. The U-shaped pattern typically responds well to treatment and may need less neuromodulator. Finally, the converging arrow patterns typically involve deep central lines on the forehead. When treated with neuromodulators, this pattern often shows the greatest improvements.

Other facial sites for neuromodulators include the masseter muscles. Hypertrophy of the masseters may occur even in young patients, contributing to a bottom-heavy facial appearance. Injection of these muscles can ameliorate this hypertrophy.

Fillers and the Aging Face

Neuromodulators can improve cosmesis of the forehead by relaxing muscles that contribute to folds and wrinkles. But volume loss can also contribute to poor cosmesis. For example, an arched eyebrow is generally considered more youthful and attractive; fillers can be used in the forehead to achieve this arched or rounded appearance. The safest zone for the injection of fillers in the forehead is in the mid-forehead at the level of the periosteum, which can help avoid an intra-arterial injection. A typical volume for this application is 0.1 to 0.2 mL of filler per site, with 3 or 4 injections per side, followed by blending by hand to achieve the desired look. Blending is easy in this region because the filler is injected on the periosteum.

Highlights of Skin Disease Education Foundation’s 40th Annual Hawaii Dermatology Seminar

Christopher B. Zachary, MBBS, FRCP

Jeffrey M. Sobel, MD

Joseph F. Fowler, MD

Linda F. Stein Gold, MD

Nowell Solish, MD, FRCP(C)

Theodore Rosen, MD

This supplement is intended for dermatologists, family practitioners, internists, nurse practitioners, nurses, physician assistants, and other clinicians who practice medical dermatology or aesthetic medicine.

Start CME/CE Activity

Supported by educational grants from:

AbbVie Inc., Bayer Healthcare, Merz Pharma North America Inc.,
and Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC

Activity Information

EXPIRED

Release Date: June 2016
Expiration Date: June 30, 2017
Estimated time to complete this activity: Up to 2.33 hours

EXPIRED

Accreditation Statements

Physicians:
This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint providership of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey and Global Academy for Medical Education. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey designates this enduring material for a maximum of 2 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits^TM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Nurses:
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Center for Continuing and Outreach Education (CCOE) is an approved provider of continuing nursing education by the New Jersey State Nurses Association, an accredited approver by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation. Provider Number P173-5/31/16.

This activity is awarded 2.33 contact hours. (60 minute CH)

Nurses should only claim those contact hours actually spent participating in the activity.

Method of Participation

Participants should read the CE information below, review the activity in its entirety, and complete the online post-test and evaluation. Upon completing this activity as designed and achieving a passing score on the post-test, you will be directed to a Web page that will allow you to receive your certificate of credit via e-mail or you may print it out at that time.

Educational Needs

Research continues to expand our understanding of the pathophysiology and management of skin diseases and age-related skin damage. Based on this evidence, new pharmacologic agents and medical devices continue to be developed, researched, and approved for use in the United States. New evidence and therapies have been developed for acne vulgaris, rosacea, psoriasis, onychomycosis/tinea, and facial rejuvenation. Clinicians need to understand the safety and efficacy of these new therapies in specific patient types.

Acne vulgaris affects 40 to 50 million people in the United States, with a prevalence as high as 85% in teenagers. A wide range of effective treatment strategies are now available to manage acne vulgaris, and new agents continue to be developed, offering an enhanced range of options. Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease for which a variety of agents, including several tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, are approved for treatment. Recently, the use of TNF inhibitors for pediatric psoriasis has been investigated, and new biosimilar agents are in late stages of development for psoriasis. Clinicians may be reluctant to use TNF inhibitors in children with psoriasis and do not yet have clinical experience with biosimilar agents.

Rosacea is a common chronic skin condition affecting the face, affecting approximately 14 million Americans. No cure exists for rosacea, but health care professionals have several options to treat the symptoms, including new agents to treat facial erythema and inflammation. The use of these agents requires an understanding of their safety and use in combination therapy. Onychomycosis and tinea pedis are common fungal infections affecting the nails and feet, respectively. Newly approved topical agents for onychomycosis and tinea have demonstrated high cure rates in clinical studies.

Among the most common cosmetic procedures performed in the United States are the use of botulinum toxin A, soft tissue fillers, and laser treatments. In the last decade, a multitude of new products and devices have been developed for these indications, including new soft tissue fillers and novel laser technologies. The increased availability of options also increases the challenge of selecting the most appropriate agent or combination of agents for each patien

Learning Objectives

By reading and studying this supplement, participants should be better able to:

Integrate into daily practice evidence-based recommendations on new and emerging therapies for common and uncommon dermatologic diseases
Implement updated strategies for managing acne, rosacea, and psoriasis
Discuss the use of biologic agents in the treatment of adult and pediatric psoriasis
Review the status of biosimilars for use in dermatology
Incorporate the recent advances in the treatment of acne vulgaris
Discuss the safety, efficacy, and dosing of antibiotics for acne vulgaris
Analyze emerging treatments for tinea and onychomycosis
Identify the considerations in the selection of appropriate filler agents for treating different areas of the face
Compare and contrast the efficacy and safety of agents, devices, and techniques currently available in aesthetic and procedural dermatology
Determine the appropriate nonsurgical techniques for facial rejuvenation
Describe the appropriate use of neuromodulators in the treatment of the aging face.

Disclosure Declarations

Individuals in a position to control the content of this educational activity are required to disclose: 1) the existence of any relevant financial relationship with any entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or distributing health care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients with the exemption of non-profit or government organizations and nonhealth care related companies, within the past 12 months; and 2) the identification of a commercial product/device that is unlabeled for use or an investigational use of a product/device not yet approved.

Faculty

Joseph F. Fowler, Jr, MD
Consultant: Bayer Healthcare, Galderma Laboratories, L.P., GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Medimetriks Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd., SmartPractice Dermatology/Allergy, Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC; Speakers Bureau: Galderma, SmartPractice, Valeant; Grant/Research Support: AbbVie Inc., Allergan, Inc., Amgen Inc., Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bayer, Celgene Corporation, Centocor, Inc., Chugai Pharma USA, Inc., Dow Chemical Company, Eli Lilly and Company, Galderma, Genentech, Inc., Innovaderm Research Inc., Janssen Biotech, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Onset Dermatologics, LLC, Pfizer Inc., Precision Dermatology, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., SmartPractice, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taro Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Valeant

Theodore Rosen, MD
Scientific Advisory Board: Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merz Pharma North America Inc., Valeant

Jeffrey M. Sobell, MD
Grant/Research Support: Amgen, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novartis; Consultant: AbbVie, Amgen, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen; Speakers Bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Celgene, Janssen, Novartis

Nowell Solish, MD, FRCP(C)
Consultant/Grant/Research Support: Allergan, Galderma, Indeed Labs, Inc., Merz, Revance Therapeutics, Inc., Valeant

Linda F. Stein Gold, MD
Consultantand Scientific Advisory Board: Anacor, Bayer, Eli Lilly, Foamix Pharmaceuticals Inc., Galderma, LEO Pharma Inc., Medimetrix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novartis, Pfizer, Taro

Christopher B. Zachary, MBBS, FRCP
Consultant: Kythera Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Sciton, Inc., Solta Medical; Scientific Advisory Board: Sciton and ZELTIQ Aesthetics, Inc.

In order to help ensure content objectivity, independence, and fair balance, and to ensure that the content is aligned with the interest of the public, CCOE has resolved all potential and real conflicts of interest through content review by a non-conflicted, qualified reviewer. This activity was peer-reviewed tor relevance, accuracy of content, and balance of presentation by: Jean Sines, RN, BSN, Staff Nurse, Department of Dermatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ. Ms. Sines has no relevant financial relationships to disclose.

Field Testers: This activity was pilot-tested for time required by: Physicians: Brian Lee, MD, Sima Patel, DO, and Vijay Vanchinathan, MD. Nurses: Geraldine Bocchieri, RN, BSN, Kathleen Brown, LPN, and Stacy Johnson, RN. The field testers have no relevant financial relationships to disclose.

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey: Tristan Nelsen, MNM, CMP, and Elizabeth Ward, MSJ, have no relevant financial relationships to disclose.

Global Academy for Medical Education Staff: Shirley V. Jones, MBA; Sylvia H. Reitman, MBA, DipEd; and Josh Kilbridge have no relevant financial relationships to disclose.

Off-Label/Investigational Use Disclosure

This activity discusses the off-label use of the following approved agents: adalimumab, cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion, doxycycline, etanercept, fluconazole, isotretinoin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, methotrexate, minocycline (oral and foam), secukinumab, ustekinumab, and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors as a class.

Contact Information for Technical Questions

Please technical questions or concerns to Global Academy for Medical Education at 973-290-8225 or email [email protected].

Disclaimer

This continuing medical education (CME/CE) supplement was developed from faculty presentations at the Skin Disease Education Foundation’s 40^th Annual Hawaii Dermatology Seminar^™, February 14-19, 2016. The Guest Editors/Faculty acknowledge the editorial assistance of Global Academy for Medical Education, LLC, and Josh Kilbridge, medical writer, in the development of this supplement. The manuscript was reviewed and approved by the Guest Editors as well as the Editors of Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery for publication as a supplement to the journal. This activity was developed under the direction of the Faculty/Guest Editors, Global Academy for Medical Education, and Rutgers. The ideas and opinions expressed in this supplement are those of the Guest Editors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the supporters, Global Academy for Medical Education, Rutgers, or the Publisher.

Copyright Statement

Copyright © 2016 by Global Academy for Medical Education, LLC and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means, without prior written permission of Global Academy for Medical Education and Rutgers. Global Academy for Medical Education and Rutgers will not assume responsibility for damages, loss, or claims of any kind arising from or related to the information contained in this publication, including any claims related to the products, drugs, or services mentioned herein.